How to Use Python Parentheses Operator ()

Python

Introduction

Parentheses () in Python are used to group expressions and control the order of evaluation in arithmetic operations. By using parentheses, you can ensure that certain parts of an expression are evaluated first, following the standard rules of arithmetic precedence. This helps you write more readable and accurate mathematical expressions in your code.

This guide explains how to use parentheses () in Python arithmetic operations.

Prerequisites

Before you start:

  • Deploy a VPS server. For instance, Ubuntu 24.04.
  • Create a non-root sudo user.
  • Install Python.

The Parentheses Operator () Syntax

Parentheses group expressions and control the order in which Python evaluates operations. Operations within parentheses are performed first, following the standard rules of arithmetic precedence.

Basic syntax:

Python
(result) = (expression)

Example:

Python
result = (2 + 3) * 4
print(result)  # Outputs: 20

Here, the expression 2 + 3 is evaluated first because it is inside parentheses, resulting in 5. Then, the result is multiplied by 4 to get 20.

Order Arithmetic Operations with PEMDAS/BODMAS

The order of operations in Python follows the standard arithmetic rules, often remembered by the acronym PEMDAS or BODMAS:

  1. Parentheses / Brackets
  2. Exponents / Orders (such as powers and square roots)
  3. Multiplication and Division (from left to right)
  4. Addition and Subtraction (from left to right)

By using parentheses, you can change the default order of operations.

Example:

Python
result = 2 + 3 * 4
print(result)  # Outputs: 14 (multiplication first, then addition)

result_with_parentheses = (2 + 3) * 4
print(result_with_parentheses)  # Outputs: 20 (addition first, then multiplication)

Use Parentheses to Clarify Complex Expressions

You can use Parentheses to clarify complex expressions and make them more readable.

Example:

Python
a = 10
b = 5
c = 2
result = (a - b) * (b + c) / c
print(result)  # Outputs: 37.5

Here, the use of parentheses clearly indicates the order in which operations should be performed.

Use Nested Parentheses

You can nest parentheses within other parentheses to create more complex expressions.

Example:

Python
a = 2
b = 3
c = 4
result = ((a + b) * c) / (b - a)
print(result)  # Outputs: 10.0

In this example, the innermost parentheses are evaluated first, followed by the outer parentheses.

Use Parentheses with Functions

Parentheses are also used to call functions and pass arguments. This can be combined with arithmetic operations.

Example:

Python
import math

x = 16
result = math.sqrt((x + 9) / 5)
print(result)  # Outputs: 2.0

Here, the expression (x + 9) / 5 is evaluated first, and then the math.sqrt function is called with the result.

Implement Parentheses Best Practices

  • Use clear and logical grouping: Group expressions logically to improve readability.
  • Avoid excessive nesting: Use parentheses only when needed to clarify operations.
  • Ensure proper order of operations: Use parentheses to enforce the desired order of evaluation.
  • Comment complex expressions: Use comments to explain the purpose of grouped expressions.

Example with clear grouping:

Python
a = 10
b = 2
result = (a + 5) * (b - 1)
print(result)  # Outputs: 30

This approach makes the code more readable and understandable.

Discover Practical Applications of Parentheses in Arithmetic Operations

You can use parentheses in various real-world scenarios to ensure correct calculations and improve code readability as follows:

  1. Mathematical Computations: Group expressions to control the order of operations.
  2. Financial Calculations: Ensure accurate computations of totals, taxes, and interest.
  3. Data Analysis: Perform complex arithmetic operations on datasets.
  4. Engineering Calculations: Handle scientific and engineering formulas accurately.

Example for financial calculations:

Python
price = 100
tax_rate = 0.05
discount = 10
total_cost = (price * (1 + tax_rate)) - discount
print(total_cost)  # Outputs: 95.0

Here, parentheses ensure the tax is applied before subtracting the discount.

Conclusion

Parentheses () in Python are essential for controlling the order of evaluation in arithmetic operations. In this guide, you've learned how to use parentheses to group expressions, clarify complex calculations, and ensure accurate results. By mastering the use of parentheses, you can write more readable and efficient Python programs.